| 500 - 800 | Earliest evidence of human settlement in Argao. Various log coffins, ceramic wares, and jewelry have been dated to as early as 500 AD. |
| 1571 | (November 3) Argao becomes part of the encomienda of Hernando de Monroy |
| 1599 | (June 21) Argao becomes one of the 8 Vicarias of Carcar and is dedicated to the Nuestra Señora de Gracia. |
| 1608 | Argao is established as a Pueblo and is recorded to have a population of 1,468 people with 413 tribute payers. The legendary Don Felipe Lucero reportedly becomes the first gobernadorcillo of Argao. |
| 1733 | (October 16) Argao becomes a parish and is dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel. Fr. Ignacio Olalde becomes Argao’s first parish priest. |
| 1734 | Construction of the St. Michael the Archangel church begins. Argao Pipe Organ probably built around this time. |
| 1744 | Argao is one of the towns in a map drawn by Tiburcio MaurilloVelarde |
| 1804 | Argao becomes one of the southern towns where defenses against moro raiders were increased. |
| 1824 | Church belfry of Argao is built on the orders of Santos Gomez de Maraňon |
| 1832 | Earliest recorded cholera epidemic in Argao |
| 1838 | Don Leoncio Teodocio Puerto is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1844 | Don Leon Bonifacio Birondo is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1852 | Don Lucas Lucero is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1854 | Don Rufino Bajo is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1864 | Don Vicente Espina is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1866 | Don Lucas Lucero is again elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1868 | Don Diego Saniel is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1870 | Don Ysidoro Mondragon is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1874 | Don Celidonio delos Reyes is again elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1880 | Don Jose Saniel is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1882 | Don Roman Quintanar is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1888 | Don Jose Saniel is again elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1890 | Don Roman Quintanar is again elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1892 | Don Manuel Ceballos is elected gobernadorcillo. |
| 1893 | Maura Law changes title of chief executive from gobernadorcillo to capitan municipal. Don Manuel Ceballos becomes Argao’s first capitan municipal. |
| 1896 | Don Alejandro Ruiz is elected capitan municipal. |
| 1897 | Don Cornelio Miñoza, a local teacher, is appointed as head of the Philippine revolutionary forces in southern Cebu and begins recruiting revolutionaries. |
| 1898 | Argao joins the revolution against Spain. At least 2 Argawanons are executed by order of the friars for insurrection. |
| 1899 | (July) Argao is one of the towns to receive the Americans graciously. |
| 1899 | (November) Poblacion suffers from hunger due to blockades by guerillas fighting the Americans |
| 1901 | (April 13) Alejandro Ruiz becomes Argao’s first Municipal President. |
| 1901 | American forces razed barangay Apo for suspicion of revolutionary presence in the area. |
| 1903 | Alejandro Ruiz resigns from office; Manuel Ceballos assumes post as President. |
| 1904 | Launch of the Argawanon newspaper La Voz de Argao; Cornelio Miñoza is elected as President. |
| 1906 | Launch of the Argawanon newspaper Unang Lakang; Victor Espina is elected as President. |
| 1907 | Railroad services between Argao and Danao start. |
| 1908 | The Poblacion was ravaged by a destructive fire which destroyed 24 houses valued at about 5,000 pesos. |
| 1909 | Two fires struck Argao; one started in the house of Don Roman Quintanar and spread to those of Don Alejandro Ruiz and Don Jose Sañiel; 9 houses burned down, resulting in an estimated 20,000 pesos of losses; also burned were five Chinese stores and bodegas for abaca; the latter report said the damage amounted to 50,000 pesos and stated that Alejandro Ruiz lost one house and two stores while Quintanar lost, altogether, 3 houses |
| 1911 | Cristeto Villahermosa is elected President. |
| 1913 | Homestead grants given in Mindanao; many Argawanons migrate to the south of Philippines. |
| 1914 | Antonio Miñoza is elected President. |
| 1916 | The Argawanon newspaper is launched by Bonifacio Miñoza. |
| 1917 | Mariano Abear is elected President. |
| 1920 | Carlos Montenegro is elected President in a strongly contested election. |
| 1920 | Argao municipal council sponsors bill supporting women’s suffrage. |
| 1923 | Lorenzo Albarracin is elected President. |
| 1931 | Jacinto Albarracin is elected President. |
| 1931 | Argao municipal council approves resolution demanding independence from the United States. |
| 1933 | Argao denounces Hare-Hawes-Cutting bill through a municipal council resolution. |
| 1938 | Women suffrage granted; Vicenta Albarracin becomes Argao’s first woman councilor. |
| 1940 | Jose L. Kintanar is elected President. |
| 1941 | Japanese forces arrive in Argao; officers and key men of the 82nd Infantry Regiment are formed in Candabong, Argao. Jose L. Kintanar remains as puppet President. |
| 1942 | (April 10) The bulk of the Japanese forces in the south came on foot from Sibonga. |
| 1944 | (September 28) Argawanon guerillas attack a garrison of Japanese soldiers and killed all but three. |
| 1946 | Vicente Kintanar is elected as the town’s first post-war mayor. Vicenta Albarracin becomes the first female Vice-mayor of Argao. |
| 1952 | Isidro Kintanar elected as Mayor. |
| 1953 | Isidro Kintanar is suspended from office; Vice-Mayor Eliseo Miñoza becomes acting Mayor throughout Kintanar’s term. |
| 1956 | Eliseo Miñoza is elected Mayor. |
| 1964 | Emilio Reyes is elected Mayor. |
| 1968 | Jesus L. Kintanar is elected Mayor. |
| 1972 | Antonio Almirante, Jr. is elected Mayor. After the declaration of martial law, Antonio Almirante remains Mayor until the People Power uprising in 1986. |
| 1986 | Carmiano Kintanar appointed as Caretaker of Argao. |
| 1988 | Daniel Sesaldo is elected Mayor. |
| 1998 | Wilfredo Caminero is elected Mayor and serves for 3 terms. |
| 2007 | Edsel A. Galeos is elected Mayor. |